2.8 Nonideal (i.e., real) operational amplifiers respond to both the differential and common-mode components of their input signals (refer to Fig. 2.4 for signal representation). Thus the output voltage of the op amp can be expressed as where Ad is the differential gain (referred to simply as A in the text) and Acm is the common-mode gain (assumed to be zero in the text). The op amp’s effectiveness in rejecting common-mode signals is measured by its CMRR, defined as Consider an op amp whose internal structure is of the type shown in Fig. E2.3 except for a mismatch ∆Gm between the transconductances of the two channels; that is, Find expressions for Ad, Acm, and CMRR. What is the maximum permitted percentage mismatch between the two Gm values if a minimum CMRR of 60 dB is required? - electricalstudent

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2.8 Nonideal (i.e., real) operational amplifiers respond to both the differential and common-mode components of their input signals (refer to Fig. 2.4 for signal representation). Thus the output voltage of the op amp can be expressed as where Ad is the differential gain (referred to simply as A in the text) and Acm is the common-mode gain (assumed to be zero in the text). The op amp’s effectiveness in rejecting common-mode signals is measured by its CMRR, defined as Consider an op amp whose internal structure is of the type shown in Fig. E2.3 except for a mismatch ∆Gm between the transconductances of the two channels; that is, Find expressions for Ad, Acm, and CMRR. What is the maximum permitted percentage mismatch between the two Gm values if a minimum CMRR of 60 dB is required?

2.8 Nonideal (i.e., real) operational amplifiers respond to both the differential and common-mode components of their input signals (refer to Fig. 2.4 for signal representation). Thus the output voltage of the op amp can be expressed as where Ad is the differential gain (referred to simply as A in the text) and Acm is the common-mode gain (assumed to be zero in the text). The op amp’s effectiveness in rejecting common-mode signals is measured by its CMRR, defined as Consider an op amp whose internal structure is of the type shown in Fig. E2.3 except for a mismatch ∆Gm between the transconductances of the two channels; that is, Find expressions for Ad, Acm, and CMRR. What is the maximum permitted percentage mismatch between the two Gm values if a minimum CMRR of 60 dB is required?

2.8 Nonideal (i.e., real) operational amplifiers respond to both the differential and common-mode components of their input signals (refer to Fig. 2.4 for signal representation). Thus the output voltage of the op amp can be expressed as where Ad is the differential gain (referred to simply as A in the text) and Acm is the common-mode gain (assumed to be zero in the text). The op amp’s effectiveness in rejecting common-mode signals is measured by its CMRR, defined as Consider an op amp whose internal structure is of the type shown in Fig. E2.3 except for a mismatch ∆Gm between the transconductances of the two channels; that is, Find expressions for Ad, Acm, and CMRR. What is the maximum permitted percentage mismatch between the two Gm values if a minimum CMRR of 60 dB is required?